LAST UPDATED: 30/12/2021
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Practical English Usage
term /tɜːm/ noun 词语；术语；措辞
sentence /ˈsentəns/
noun
[countable] (grammar) a set of words expressing a statement, a question or an order, usually containing a subject and a verb. In written English sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop/period (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!).
句子
comparative /kəmˈpærətɪv/
adjective
(grammar) relating to adjectives or adverbs that express more in amount, degree or quality, for example better, worse, slower and more difficult
（形容词或副词）比较级的（如better、worse、slower和more difficult）
superlative /suːˈpɜːlətɪv/
adjective
(grammar) relating to adjectives or adverbs that express the highest degree of something, for example best, worst, slowest and most difficult
（形容词或副词）最高级的
linguistics /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/
noun
[uncountable] (linguistics)
the scientific study of language or of particular languages
语言学
the third person /ðə ˌθɜːd ˈpɜːsn/
noun
[singular]
(grammar) a set of pronouns and verb forms used by a speaker to refer to other people and things
‘They are’ is the third person plural of the verb ‘to be’.
CEFR /ˌsiː iː ef ˈɑː(r)/
abbreviation
Common European Framework of Reference for languages (a description of the language abilities of students at different levels of learning that can be used to help different countries to compare standards and create teaching programmes)
The course is suitable for students at CEFR level B1.
abbreviation /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃn/
noun
[countable] abbreviation (of/for something) a short form of a word, etc.
略语；缩写词；缩写形式
e.g. /ˌiː ˈdʒiː/
abbreviation
for example (from Latin ‘exempli gratia’)
例如
etc. /ˌet ˈsetərə/
abbreviation
used after a list to show that there are other things that you could have mentioned (the abbreviation for ‘et cetera’)
以及诸如此类；以及其他；等等
i.e. /ˌaɪ ˈiː/
abbreviation
used to explain exactly what the previous thing that you have mentioned means (from Latin ‘id est’)
也就是；亦即
article /ˈɑːtɪkl/
noun
(grammar) the words a and an (the indefinite article) or the (the definite article)
冠词（a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词）
indefinite article /ɪnˌdefɪnət ˈɑːtɪkl/
noun
the word a or an in English, or a similar word in another language
不定冠词（如英语中的a或an）
adjective /ˈædʒɪktɪv/
noun
a word that describes a person or thing, for example big, red and clever in a big house, red wine and a clever idea
形容词
Practical English Usage 形容词：指green，hungry，impossible之类的词，可以用来描述人、物、事件等。形容词与名词和代词连用。如：a green apple; She's hungry.
noun /naʊn/
noun
a word that refers to a person, (such as Ann or doctor), a place (such as Paris or city) or a thing, a quality or an activity (such as plant, joy or tennis)
名词
Practical English Usage 名词：指oil，memory，arm之类的词，可以与冠词连用。名词多数是人或事物的名称。人名（如George）和地名（如Birmingham）叫做专有名词，一般不用冠词。
count noun /ˈkaʊnt naʊn/
noun
a countable noun
具数名词；可数名词
uncount noun /ˈʌnkaʊnt naʊn/
noun
an uncountable noun
不可数名词
plural /ˈplʊərəl/
noun
a form of a noun or verb that refers to more than one person or thing
（名词或动词的）复数，复数形式
Practical English Usage 复数：一种语法形式，用来表示多于一人或一物的概念。如：we; buses; children; are; many; these。另参见singular单数。
singular /ˈsɪŋɡjələ(r)/
noun
a form of a noun or verb that refers to one person or thing
单数；单数形式
Practical English Usage 单数：一种语法形式，用来表示一个人、一件物体等，或用来表示不可数的量或物质。如：me; bus; water; is; much; this。另参见plural复数。
gerund /ˈdʒerənd/
noun
(grammar)
a noun in the form of the present participle of a verb (that is, ending in -ing) for example travelling in the sentence I preferred travelling alone.
动名词
adverb /ˈædvɜːb/
noun
a word that adds more information about place, time, manner, cause or degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb
副词
Practical English Usage 副词：指tomorrow，once，badly，there，also之类的词，可以用来表示某一事件是在什么时候、什么地方或怎样发生的。
object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/, /ˈɒbdʒekt/
noun
(grammar) a noun, noun phrase or pronoun that refers to a person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb (called the direct object), or that the action is done to or for (called the indirect object)
宾语（包括直接宾语、间接宾语）
verb /vɜːb/
noun
a word or group of words that expresses an action (such as eat), an event (such as happen) or a state (such as exist)
动词
Practical English Usage 动词：指ask，wake，play，be，can之类的词。动词大多表示动作、事情或状态。另参见auxiliary verb助动词，modal auxiliary verb情态助动词，verb phrase动词短语。
transitive /ˈtrænzətɪv/
adjective
(of verbs) used with a direct object
及物动词
Practical English Usage 及物：及物动词是可以带宾语的动词。如：eat (a meal); drive (a car); give (a present)。另参见intransitive不及物。
intransitive /ɪnˈtrænzətɪv/
adjective
(of verbs) used without a direct object
不及物动词
Practical English Usage 不及物：不及物动词不能有宾语，也不能用于被动句。如：smile; fall; come; go。
phrasal verb /ˌfreɪzl ˈvɜːb/
noun
(grammar)
a verb combined with an adverb or a preposition, or sometimes both, to give a new meaning, for example go in for, win over and see to
短语动词
past participle /ˌpɑːst pɑːˈtɪsɪpl/
noun
the form of a verb that in English ends in -ed, -en, etc. and is used with the verb have to form perfect tenses such as I have eaten, with the verb be to form passive sentences such as It was destroyed, or sometimes as an adjective as in an upset stomach
过去分词
Practical English Usage 过去分词：指broken，gone，stopped这类动词形式，可以用来构成完成时和被动语态，也可以用作形容词。（虽然名叫过去分词，但其含义不一定指过去。）
grammar /ˈɡræmə(r)/
noun
[uncountable] the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences
语法；文法
Practical English Usage 语法：关于词怎样组合、排列和变化以表示特定含义的一系列规则。
vocabulary /vəˈkæbjələri/
noun
[countable, uncountable] all the words that a person knows or uses
（某人掌握或使用的）词汇，词汇量
phonics /ˈfɒnɪks/
noun
a method of teaching people to read based on the sounds that letters represent
语音教学法；拼读法
conjunction /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn/
noun
[countable] (grammar) a word that joins words, phrases or sentences, for example ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’ or ‘because’
连词，连接词
Practical English Usage 连词：指and，but，although，because，when，if等可以用来连接分句的词。如：I rang because I was worried.
determiner /dɪˈtɜːmɪnə(r)/
noun
a word such as the, some, my, etc. that comes before a noun to show how the noun is being used
限定词（置于名词前起限定作用，如the、some、my等）
Practical English Usage 限定词：用于名词短语开头的词。限定词包括a/an，the，my，this，each，either，several，more，both，all等。
preposition /ˌprepəˈzɪʃn/
noun
a word or group of words, such as in, from, to, out of and on behalf of, used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or method
介词
Practical English Usage 介词：指on，off，of， into之类的词，后面往往跟名词或代词。
pronoun /ˈprəʊnaʊn/
noun
a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase, for example he, it, hers, me, them, etc.
代词（代替名词或名词词组的单词）
Practical English Usage 代词：指it，yourself，their之类的词，用来代替意思更确切的名词或者名词短语（如：the cat; Tom's self; the family's）。当限定词包含了其后被省略的名词的含义时，它也可被视为代词。如：I'll take these.
case /keɪs/
noun
[countable, uncountable] the form of a noun, an adjective or a pronoun in some languages, that shows its relationship to another word
格（某些语言中表示名词、形容词或代词与另一词关系的形式）
the nominative/accusative/genitive case
主格；宾格；所有格
Latin nouns have case, number and gender.
拉丁语名词有格、数和性。
In Polish the verb ‘to be’ takes the instrumental case.
pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/
noun
[uncountable, countable] the way in which a language or a particular word or sound is pronounced
发音；读音
idiom /ˈɪdiəm/
noun
[countable] a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words
习语；成语；惯用语
synonym /ˈsɪnənɪm/
noun
a word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the same language
同义词
antonym /ˈæntənɪm/
noun
(specialist)
a word that means the opposite of another word
反义词
opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ noun 对立的人（或物）；对立面；反面
thesaurus /θɪˈsɔːrəs/
noun
(plural thesauri /θɪˈsɔːraɪ/, thesauruses /θɪˈsɔːrəsɪz/)
a book that lists words in groups that have similar meanings
类义词典；义类词典；同义词词典
somebody /ˈsʌmbədi/
pronoun
(also someone)
a person who is not known or mentioned by name
某人
something /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
pronoun
a thing that is not known or mentioned by name
某事；某物
symbol /ˈsɪmbl/
noun
symbol (for something) a sign, number, letter, etc. that has a fixed meaning, especially in science, mathematics and music
符号；代号；记号
agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/
noun
[uncountable] (grammar) (of words in a phrase) the state of having the same number, gender or person
（在数、性或人称方面的）一致
clause /klɔːz/
noun
(grammar) a group of words that includes a subject and a verb, and forms a sentence or part of a sentence
从句；子句；分句
collocation /ˌkɒləˈkeɪʃn/
noun
(linguistics 语言学)
[countable] a combination of words in a language that happens very often and more frequently than would happen by chance
词组；组合
etymology /ˌetɪˈmɒlədʒi/
noun
(plural etymologies)
[countable] the origin and history of a particular word
词源
hyphen /ˈhaɪfn/
noun
the mark (- ) used to join two words together to make a new one, as in back-up, to show that a word has been divided between the end of one line and the beginning of the next, or to show that something is missing (as in short- and long-term)
连字符
formal /ˈfɔːml/
adjective
(of a style of dress, speech, writing, behaviour, etc. 穿着、言语、行为等) very correct and suitable for official or important occasions
适合正式场合的；正规的；庄重的
informal /ɪnˈfɔːml/
adjective
(of language) suitable for normal conversation and writing to friends rather than for serious speech and letters
非正式的；口语体的
intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn/
noun
[uncountable, countable] the rise and fall of the voice in speaking, especially as this affects the meaning of what is being said
语调
irregular /ɪˈreɡjələ(r)/
adjective
(grammar) not formed in the normal way
（形式）不规则的
an irregular verb
不规则动词
lexis /ˈleksɪs/
noun
[uncountable]
all the words and phrases of a particular language
（某语言的）全部词汇
SYNONYM vocabulary
morpheme /ˈmɔːfiːm/
noun
(grammar)
the smallest unit of meaning that a word can be divided into
词素；语素
The word ‘like’ contains one morpheme but ‘un-like-ly’ contains three.
like一词含一个词素，而un-like-ly则含三个。
prefix /ˈpriːfɪks/
noun
(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning, such as un- in unhappy and pre- in preheat
前缀（缀于单词前以改变其意义的字母或字母组合）
suffix /ˈsʌfɪks/
noun
(grammar)
a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to make another word, such as -ly in quickly or -ness in sadness
后缀，词尾（加在词尾，用以构成新词，如quickly中的-ly或sadness中的-ness）
register /ˈredʒɪstə(r)/
noun
[countable, uncountable] the level and style of a piece of writing or speech, that is usually appropriate to the situation that it is used in
（适合特定场合使用的）语体风格；语域
regular /ˈreɡjələ(r)/
adjective
(especially of verbs or nouns 尤指动词或名词) changing their form in the same way as most other verbs and nouns
规则的；按规则变化的
The past participle of regular verbs ends in ‘-ed’.
规则动词的过去分词以-ed结尾。
semicolon /ˌsemiˈkəʊlən/
noun
the mark ( ; ) used to separate the parts of a complicated sentence or items in a detailed list, showing a break that is longer than a comma but shorter than a full stop
分号
slang /slæŋ/
noun
[uncountable]
very informal words and expressions that are more common in spoken language, especially used by a particular group of people, for example, children, criminals, soldiers, etc.
俚语
stress /stres/
noun
[uncountable, countable] an extra force used when pronouncing a particular word or syllable
重音；重读
We worked on pronunciation, stress and intonation.
我们学习了语音、重读和语调。
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
noun
a noun, noun phrase or pronoun representing the person or thing that performs the action of the verb (I in I sat down.), about which something is stated (the house in the house is very old) or, in a passive sentence, that is affected by the action of the verb (the tree in the tree was blown down in the storm)
主语
syllable /ˈsɪləbl/
noun
any of the units into which a word is divided, containing a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants
音节
a word with two syllables
双音节单词
a two-syllable word
双音节单词
‘Potato’ is stressed on the second syllable.
potato一词的重音在第二个音节上。
syntax /ˈsɪntæks/
noun
[uncountable]
(linguistics) the way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language; the rules of grammar for this
句法；句法规则
tense /tens/
noun
(grammar)
any of the forms of a verb that may be used to show the time of the action or state expressed by the verb
（动词的）时，时态
the past/present/future tense
过去/现在/将来时态
consonant /ˈkɒnsənənt/
noun
1. (phonetics) a speech sound made by completely or partly stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose
辅音
2. a letter of the alphabet that represents a consonant sound, for example ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘f’, etc.
辅音字母
vowel /ˈvaʊəl/
noun
1. (phonetics) a speech sound in which the mouth is open and the tongue is not touching the top of the mouth, the teeth, etc., so that the flow of air is not limited, for example /ɑː, e, ɔː/
元音
vowel sounds
元音
Each language has a different vowel system.
每种语言都有不同的元音系统。
2. a letter that represents a vowel sound. In English the vowels are a, e, i, o and u.
元音字母
diphthong /ˈdɪfθɒŋ/
noun
(phonetics)
a combination of two vowel sounds or vowel letters, for example the sounds /aɪ/ in pipe /paɪp/ or the letters ou in doubt
二合原因；复元音；双元音；双元音字母组合