Word of the Day 12/10/21

LAST UPDATED: 22/11/2021

Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries Word of the Day
12 October 2021

relatively /ˈrelətɪvli/
adverb

to a fairly large degree, especially in comparison to something else
相当程度上;相当地;相对地
relatively large/small/high/low
Lack of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but it’s relatively small when compared with the others.
缺乏锻炼也是导致心脏病的一个因素。但和其他因素相比危险较小。
I found the test relatively easy.
我觉得这次测验比较容易。
These students had a relatively simple task.
We had relatively few applications for the job.

申请我们这项工作的人相对较少。
I have relatively little to do this afternoon.
It all happened in a relatively short period of time.
At the time, the internet was a relatively new phenomenon.
He was charged with a relatively minor offence.
In the early 1960s divorce was still relatively rare.

Extra Examples
Relatively few were smokers.
The area used to be fairly safe. It still is, relatively.
The data can be gathered relatively easily.

Idioms
relatively speaking
​used when you are comparing something with all similar things
(和所有类似事物比较)相对而言
Relatively speaking, these jobs provide good salaries.
相对来说,这些工作报酬都不低。
The colleges had become, relatively speaking, short of funds.


Word of the Day 11/10/21

LAST UPDATED: 29/10/2021

Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries Word of the Day
11 October 2021

partially /ˈpɑːʃəli/
adverb

​partly; not completely
部分地;不完全地

The road was partially blocked by a fallen tree.
倒下的一棵树挡住了部分道路。
a society for the blind and partially sighted (= people who can see very little).
一个盲人及弱视者协会
It’s only partially true.


Word of the Day 10/10/21

LAST UPDATED: 29/12/2021

Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries Word of the Day
10 October 2021

balloon /bəˈluːn/
noun

1. a small bag made of very thin rubber that becomes larger and rounder when you fill it with air or gas. Balloons are brightly coloured and used as decorations or toys.
气球
to blow up/burst/pop a balloon
吹起气球;使气球爆裂
My balloon has burst!
A thousand balloons were released to mark the event.
They tied the balloons to the back of the car.
helium balloons for the children’s party

2. (also hot-air balloon)
a large balloon made of strong material that is filled with hot air or gas to make it rise in the air, usually carrying a basket for passengers
热气球
We went up in a balloon.
She crossed the Atlantic in a hot-air balloon.

Idioms

go down like a lead balloon
​(informal) to be very unsuccessful; to not be accepted by people
非常失败;不被接受
My suggestion went down like a lead balloon.

when the balloon goes up
​(British English, informal) when the trouble that you are expecting begins
意料中的麻烦出现时;(不出所料)出乱子时
We have to get out of here before the balloon goes up!

Word List

rubber /ˈrʌbə(r)/
noun
[uncountable] a strong substance that can be stretched and does not allow liquids to pass through it, used for making tyres, boots, etc. It is made from the liquid (= sap) inside a tropical plant or is produced using chemicals.
橡胶

brightly /ˈbraɪtli/
adverb
with colours that are strong and easy to see
鲜艳夺目的

decoration /ˌdekəˈreɪʃn/
noun
[countable, usually plural] a thing that makes something look more attractive on special occasions
装饰品

strong /strɒŋ/
adjective
(comparative stronger /ˈstrɒŋɡə(r)/, superlative strongest /ˈstrɒŋɡɪst/)
(of objects) not easily broken or damaged; made well
坚固的;结实的

material /məˈtɪəriəl/
noun
[countable, uncountable] a substance that things can be made from
材料;原料

rise /raɪz/
verb
[intransitive] to come or go upwards; to reach a higher level or position
上升;攀升;提高;达到较高水平(或位置)

passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/
noun
a person who is travelling in a car, bus, train, plane or ship and who is not driving it or working on it
乘客;旅客

Word of the Day 9/10/21

LAST UPDATED: 30/12/2021

Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries Word of the Day
9 October 2021

cupboard /ˈkʌbəd/
noun

1. a piece of furniture with doors and shelves used for storing dishes, food, clothes, etc.
橱柜;食物柜;衣柜
kitchen cupboards
厨房用的橱柜
a stationery/linen cupboard
a cupboard door
There’s plenty of food in the cupboards.
I found it hidden in the back of a cupboard.

Extra Examples
Do you have much cupboard space in your new house?
The cupboard was full of old spices.
We had some new cupboard units fitted in the kitchen.
She opened the cupboard door above the sink.

2. (British English)
(North American English closet)
a space in a wall with a door that reaches the ground, used for storing things
壁橱
The kitchen has built-in cupboards and shelves.
The tool kit is in the cupboard under the stairs.
a store cupboard

SEE ALSO airing cupboard, broom cupboard

Idioms

the cupboard is bare
(British English) used to say that there is no money for something
食橱是空的(指没钱购买)
They are seeking more funds but the cupboard is bare.
他们正在寻求更多的资金,然而根本找不到。

cupboard love
(British English, old-fashioned) love that somebody, especially a child, shows towards somebody else in order to get something
(尤指小孩)有所企图的亲热

a skeleton in the cupboard
(British English)(also a skeleton in the closet North American English, British English)
​(informal) something shocking, embarrassing, etc. that has happened to you or your family in the past that you want to keep secret
隐衷;不可外扬的家丑

Word List

furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/
noun
[uncountable]
objects that can be moved, such as tables, chairs and beds, that are put into a house or an office to make it suitable for living or working in
(可移动的)家具

shelf /ʃelf/
noun
(plural shelves /ʃelvz/)
a flat board, made of wood, metal, glass, etc., fixed to the wall or forming part of a cupboard, bookcase, etc., for things to be placed on
(固定在墙上的或橱柜、书架等的)架子,搁板

dish /dɪʃ/
noun
[countable] a flat shallow container for cooking food in or serving it from
碟;盘

Writing and saying dates

LAST UPDATED: 27/10/2021

Practical English Usage
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

日期怎样写

在英国,日期的最普遍的表示法如下。请注意:月份的名称总是以大写字母开始。

30 March 2004  2004年3月30日
27 July 2003  2003年7月27日

有时会加上序数词的最后两个字母(如1st,2nd,3rd,6th)。有些人会在年份前面加个逗号,但是这种写法在英国已经不那么常见了,除非日期出现在句子里时才这样写。

30th March(,) 2004  2004年3月30日
He was born in Hawick on 14 December, 1942.
他于1942年12月14日生于霍伊克。

日期可以全部用阿拉伯数字来书写。

30/3/04  30-3-04  30.3.04

这三种写法都表示:2004年3月30日。
在美国,通常将月份放在前面,在年份前面加个逗号。

March 30, 2004  2004年3月30日

全部用数字表示的日期写法在英国和美国有所不同,因为英国人把日子放在开头,而美国人一般把月份放在开头。所以,例如6.4.02在英国指2002年4月6日,而在美国却指2002年6月4日。
较长的月份名称通常用如下缩略式:

Jan 1月  Feb 2月  Mar 3月  Apr 4月  Aug 8月
Sept 9月  Oct 10月  Nov 11月 Dec 12月

“年代”(例如the nineteen sixties)可以写成这样:the 1960s(1960’s 不如1960s常用)。

日期怎样说

30 March 1993 = March the thirtieth, nineteen ninety-three(美国英语也说March thirtieth ...)或the thirtieth of March, nineteen ninety-three
1200 = twelve hundred
1305 = thirteen hundred and five 或 thirteen oh (/) five
1498 = fourteen (hundred and) ninety-eight
1910 = nineteen (hundred and) ten
1946 = nineteen (hundred and) forty-six
2000 = two thousand
2005 = two thousand and five 或 twenty oh five

宣布日期时,药用It’s …这个句式。

It's April (the) first. 今天是4月1号。

询问日期时,可选用如下说法:

What's the date (today)? 今天几号?
What date is it? 今天几号?
What date is the meeting? (或When is the meeting?)会议是哪一天?

BC和AD

缩略语BC(= Before Christ, 公元前)和AD(= anno domini——拉丁语,表示in the year of the Loard,公元)用来区分耶稣降生之前和之后的日期。BC 写在日期后面;AD 可以放在日期前面,也可以放在日期后面。

Julius Caesar first came to Britain in 55 BC.
尤利乌斯·凯撒公元前55年第一次来到不列颠。
The emperor Trajan was born in AD 53/ 53 AD.
罗马皇帝图拉真生于公元53年。

不过,现在许多人更愿意用BCE(before the Common Era,公元前)和CE(Common Era,公元后)来代替BC和AD。

单词helpline和hotline释义

LAST UPDATED: 1/11/2021

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

helpline /ˈhelplaɪn/
noun
​a phone or online service that provides advice and information about particular problems
服务热线(提供咨询和信息的电话)
to set up/run a helpline
an AIDS helpline
Our online helpline service is a chat service for people with questions about mental health issues.

hotline /ˈhɒtlaɪn/
noun
1. ​a special phone line that people can use in order to get information or to talk about something
电话咨询服务专线;热线
a 24-hour confidential hotline
An emergency hotline has been set up for the relatives of those involved in the disaster.

Extra Examples
A telephone hotline has been set up to give information about the changed train services.
Call our 24-hour hotline to find out if you have won a prize.
The company has an information hotline that customers can call if they are worried about products.

​2. a direct phone line between the heads of government in different countries
(各国政府首脑之间通话的)热线
the hotline to the White House


Word List

particular
/pəˈtɪkjələ(r)/
adjective
[only before noun] used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person, thing or type of thing and not others
专指的,特指的(与泛指相对)

英语中“幼儿园”一词的不同写法

LAST UPDATED: 22/12/2021

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn/
noun
(from German)
​1. (especially North American English) a school or class to prepare children aged five for school
学前班
his first day at kindergarten

Extra Examples
James is in kindergarten now, but he's moving up to infant school this autumn.
She teaches reading to students in kindergarten.
She was still attending kindergarten at Assumption School.
their plans for Hannah to start all-day kindergarten

2. (British English, Australian English, New Zealand English) nursery school (= a school for children between the ages of about two and five)
nursery school /ˈnɜːsəri skuːl/
noun
​a school for children between the ages of about two and five
幼儿园
SYNONYM preschool
She works as an assistant in a nursery school.
preschool /ˈpriːskuːl/
noun
a school for children between the ages of about two and five
幼儿园
SYNONYM nursery school

Word List

prepare /prɪˈpeə(r)/
verb
[transitive, intransitive] to make something or somebody ready to be used or to do something
使做好准备;把……预备好

present simple I / you / we / they prepare
/prɪˈpeə(r)/
he / she / it prepares
/prɪˈpeəz/
past simple prepared
/prɪˈpeəd/
past participle prepared
/prɪˈpeəd/
-ing form preparing
/prɪˈpeərɪŋ/

aged /eɪdʒd/
adjective
[not before noun] of the age of
……岁

infant /ˈɪnfənt/
noun
(in England and Wales) a child at school between the ages of four and seven
四到七岁之间的学童

autumn /ˈɔːtəm/
noun
(especially British English)
(North American English usually fall)
[uncountable, countable]
the season of the year between summer and winter, when leaves change colour and the weather becomes colder
秋天;秋季

attend /əˈtend/
verb
[transitive, intransitive] attend something (formal) to go regularly to a place
经常去,定期去(某处)

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they attend
/əˈtend/
he / she / it attends
/əˈtendz/
past simple attended
/əˈtendɪd/
past participle attended
/əˈtendɪd/
-ing form attending
/əˈtendɪŋ/

assumption /əˈsʌmpʃn/
noun
[countable] a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will happen, although there is no proof
假定;假设

plan /plæn/
noun
something that you intend to do or achieve
计划;打算

Hannah /ˈhænə/
a first name for girls
女子名

all-day /ˈɔːl deɪ/
adjective
[only before noun]
continuing or available for the whole day
整整一天的;全天的


单词kindergarten来源于德语,该词在美式英语和英式英语中分别表示不同含义,在美式英语中,其表示为年满5岁儿童所上的“学前班”,而在英式英语中则表示2-5岁儿童所上的“幼儿园”。单词nursery school与preschool互为同义词,都是表示2-5岁儿童所上的学校,即“幼儿园”。(#696969 Dim Gray)

动词第三人称单数形式的拼写和读音

LAST UPDATED: 29/10/2021

Practical English Usage

拼写

大多数动词:动词原形加-s

work → works
sit → sits
stay → stays

以辅音+y结尾的动词:变y为i加-es

cry → cries
hurry → hurries
reply → replies

但(元音+y)例外:

enjoy → enjoys

以-s,-z,-ch,-sh或-x结尾的动词:动词原形加-es

miss → misses
buzz → buzzes
watch → watches
push → pushes
fix → fixes

例外情况:

have → has
go → goes
do → does

读音

动词-(e)s的读音取决于它前面的那个音。其读音规则和名词复数词尾-(e)s相同。
不规则读音:says(/sez/, 不能读 /seiz/);does(/daz/,不能读 /du:z/)。

Roll Call

LAST UPDATED: 29/10/2021

They’re two, they’re four, they’re six, they’re eight
Shunting trucks and hauling freight
Red and green and brown and blue
They’re the really useful crew
All with different roles to play
Round Tidmouth Sheds or far away
Down the hills and round the bends
Thomas and his friends

(Thomas) He’s the cheeky one
(James) Is vain but lots of fun
(Percy) Pulls the mail on time
(Gordon) Thunders down the line
(Emily) Really knows her stuff
(Henry) Toots and huffs and puffs
(Edward) Wants to help and share
(Toby) Well, let’s say, he’s square

They’re two, they’re four, they’re six, they’re eight
Shunting trucks and hauling freight
Red and green and brown and blue
They’re the really useful crew
All with different roles to play
Round Tidmouth Sheds or far away
Down the hills and round the bends
Thomas and his friends


shunt /ʃʌnt/
verb
shunt something to move a train or a coach of a train from one track to another
使(火车或火车车厢)转轨

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they shunt
/ʃʌnt/
he / she / it shunts
/ʃʌnts/
past simple shunted
/ˈʃʌntɪd/
past participle shunted
/ˈʃʌntɪd/
-ing form shunting
/ˈʃʌntɪŋ/

truck /trʌk/
noun
(British English)
(North American English car)
an open railway vehicle for carrying goods or animals
(铁路上运送货物或动物的)敞篷车,无盖车皮
a cattle truck
敞篷运牛车厢

haul /hɔːl/
verb
to pull something/somebody with a lot of effort
(用力)拖,拉,拽
haul something/somebody The wagons were hauled by horses.
haul something/somebody + adv./prep. He reached down and hauled Liz up onto the wall.
The car was hauled out of the river.
fishermen hauling in their nets

Verb Forms 
present simple I / you / we / they haul 
/hɔːl/ 
he / she / it hauls 
/hɔːlz/ 
past simple hauled 
/hɔːld/ 
past participle hauled 
/hɔːld/ 
-ing form hauling 
/ˈhɔːlɪŋ/

freight /freɪt/
noun
[uncountable]
goods that are transported by ships, planes, trains or lorries; the system of transporting goods in this way
(海运、空运或陆运的)货物;货运
to send goods by air freight
空运货物
a freight business
货运公司
passenger and freight transportation services
客货运业务

useful /ˈjuːsfl/
adjective
(British English, informal) good; of the right standard synonym competent
好的;合格的
He’s a very useful player.
他是个很棒的运动员。

crew /kruː/
noun
[countable + singular or plural verb] all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.
(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员
crew members
全体机组人员
None of the passengers and crew were injured
没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。

role /rəʊl/
noun
the function or position that somebody has or is expected to have in an organization, in society or in a relationship
职能;地位;角色

Tidmouth
地名

shed /ʃed/
noun
(British English) a large industrial building, used for working in or keeping equipment
(工业上用于生产或存放设备的)厂房,工棚,库房
an engine shed
机车库

bend /bend/
noun
[countable] a curve or turn, especially in a road or river
(尤指道路或河流的)拐弯,弯道
a sharp bend in the road
You took that bend very fast!
He lost control on a bend and crashed into a tree.
As the driver came round the bend, she saw the lorry.

cheeky /ˈtʃiːki/
adjective
(informal)
​rude in a funny or annoying way
厚脸皮的;鲁莽的;放肆的
You cheeky monkey!
你这个厚脸皮的猴崽子!
a cheeky grin
厚颜无耻的呲牙一笑
You’re getting far too cheeky!
你太放肆了!

Thomas /ˈtɒməs/
人名

James /dʒeɪmz/
人名

vain /veɪn/
adjective
(disapproving) too proud of your own appearance, abilities or achievements
自负的;自视过高的
synonym conceited
She’s too vain to wear glasses.
她太爱虚荣,不肯戴眼镜。
see also vanity

Percy /pɜːsi/
人名

Gordon /ˈɡɔːdn/
人名

thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/
verb
[intransitive] + adv./prep. to move very fast and with a loud deep noise
轰隆隆地快速移动
synonym roar
Heavy trucks kept thundering past.
重型卡车不断地隆隆驶过。
The horse raced across the pasture, its hooves thundering on the grass.

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they thunder
/ˈθʌndə(r)/
he / she / it thunders
/ˈθʌndəz/
past simple thundered
/ˈθʌndəd/
past participle thundered
/ˈθʌndəd/
-ing form thundering
/ˈθʌndərɪŋ/

line /laɪn/
noun
[countable] a railway track or other transport route; a section of a transport system or route
轨道;铁道;(铁路的)段,线路
The train was delayed because a tree had fallen across the line.
火车晚点是因为有一棵树横倒在铁轨上。
a rail line
(British English also) a railway line
the East Coast line
东海岸铁路线
We got off the bus near the end of the line at San Gerardo.
Streetcar lines carried passengers to ever more distant areas of the city.
on a line We live on the Northern Line.
see also main line

Emily /ˈeməli/
人名

knows

stuff

Henry /ˈhenri/
人名

toot /tuːt/
verb
[intransitive, transitive] (especially British English)
when a car horn toots or you toot it, it makes a short, high sound
(使汽车喇叭)发出短促尖锐的声音,发出嘟嘟声
the sound of horns tooting
鸣喇叭的声音
A horn tooted outside signaling the arrival of my taxi.
toot something Toot your horn to let them know we’re here.
按按喇叭,告诉他们我们到了。

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they toot
/tuːt/
he / she / it toots
/tuːts/
past simple tooted
/ˈtuːtɪd/
past participle tooted
/ˈtuːtɪd/
-ing form tooting
/ˈtuːtɪŋ/

huff /hʌf/
verb
(+ speech) to say something or make a noise in a way that shows you are offended or annoyed
生气地说;怒气冲冲
‘Well, nobody asked you,’ she huffed irritably.
“哼,谁问你了。”她怒气冲冲地说。

puff /pʌf/
verb
[transitive, intransitive] to make smoke or steam blow out in clouds; to blow out in clouds
使喷出,冒出(烟或蒸汽)
puff something (out) Chimneys were puffing out clouds of smoke.
烟囱冒着滚滚浓烟。
puff (out) Steam puffed out.
蒸汽向外喷出。

IDIOMS
huff and puff
(informal)
to breathe in a noisy way because you are very tired
气喘吁吁;上气不接下气
Jack was huffing and puffing to keep up with her.
杰克气喘吁吁地跟着她。

want /wɒnt/
verb
to have a desire or a wish for something/somebody
要;想要;希望
want to do something What do you want to do tomorrow?
明天你想做什么?
What I really want to know is why you would even think that?
‘It’s time you did your homework.’ ‘I don’t want to!’
“你该做作业了。”“我就是不想做!”
I just wanted to know if everything was all right.
我只是想知道是否一切都好。
(informal) You can come too, if you want.
如果你想来也可以来。
We could see a movie later if you want to.
There are two points which I wanted to make.
我想要指出的有两点。
I wanted to go home.
I simply wanted to be left in peace.
She desperately wanted to believe him.
These are books that children actually want to read.

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they want
/wɒnt/
he / she / it wants
/wɒnts/
past simple wanted
/ˈwɒntɪd/
past participle wanted
/ˈwɒntɪd/
-ing form wanting
/ˈwɒntɪŋ/

Edward /ˈedwəd/
爱德华

Toby /ˈtəʊbi/
托比

say /seɪ/
verb
[transitive, no passive] to suggest or give something as an example or a possibility
比方说;假设
say something/somebody You could learn the basics in, let’s say, three months.
比方说,三个月你就可以掌握基本知识。
Let’s take any writer, say (= for example) Dickens…
我们随便举一个作家为例,比如说狄更斯……
say (that)… Say you lose your job: what would you do then?
假设你把工作丢了,那你怎么办呢?
Just say he refuses to talk to you.

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they say
/seɪ/
he / she / it says
/sez/
past simple said
/sed/
past participle said
/sed/
-ing form saying
/ˈseɪɪŋ/

square /skweə(r)/
adjective
having four straight equal sides and four angles of 90°
正方形的;四方形的
a square room
正方形的房间