Writing and saying dates

LAST UPDATED: 27/10/2021

Practical English Usage
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

日期怎样写

在英国,日期的最普遍的表示法如下。请注意:月份的名称总是以大写字母开始。

30 March 2004  2004年3月30日
27 July 2003  2003年7月27日

有时会加上序数词的最后两个字母(如1st,2nd,3rd,6th)。有些人会在年份前面加个逗号,但是这种写法在英国已经不那么常见了,除非日期出现在句子里时才这样写。

30th March(,) 2004  2004年3月30日
He was born in Hawick on 14 December, 1942.
他于1942年12月14日生于霍伊克。

日期可以全部用阿拉伯数字来书写。

30/3/04  30-3-04  30.3.04

这三种写法都表示:2004年3月30日。
在美国,通常将月份放在前面,在年份前面加个逗号。

March 30, 2004  2004年3月30日

全部用数字表示的日期写法在英国和美国有所不同,因为英国人把日子放在开头,而美国人一般把月份放在开头。所以,例如6.4.02在英国指2002年4月6日,而在美国却指2002年6月4日。
较长的月份名称通常用如下缩略式:

Jan 1月  Feb 2月  Mar 3月  Apr 4月  Aug 8月
Sept 9月  Oct 10月  Nov 11月 Dec 12月

“年代”(例如the nineteen sixties)可以写成这样:the 1960s(1960’s 不如1960s常用)。

日期怎样说

30 March 1993 = March the thirtieth, nineteen ninety-three(美国英语也说March thirtieth ...)或the thirtieth of March, nineteen ninety-three
1200 = twelve hundred
1305 = thirteen hundred and five 或 thirteen oh (/) five
1498 = fourteen (hundred and) ninety-eight
1910 = nineteen (hundred and) ten
1946 = nineteen (hundred and) forty-six
2000 = two thousand
2005 = two thousand and five 或 twenty oh five

宣布日期时,药用It’s …这个句式。

It's April (the) first. 今天是4月1号。

询问日期时,可选用如下说法:

What's the date (today)? 今天几号?
What date is it? 今天几号?
What date is the meeting? (或When is the meeting?)会议是哪一天?

BC和AD

缩略语BC(= Before Christ, 公元前)和AD(= anno domini——拉丁语,表示in the year of the Loard,公元)用来区分耶稣降生之前和之后的日期。BC 写在日期后面;AD 可以放在日期前面,也可以放在日期后面。

Julius Caesar first came to Britain in 55 BC.
尤利乌斯·凯撒公元前55年第一次来到不列颠。
The emperor Trajan was born in AD 53/ 53 AD.
罗马皇帝图拉真生于公元53年。

不过,现在许多人更愿意用BCE(before the Common Era,公元前)和CE(Common Era,公元后)来代替BC和AD。

单词helpline和hotline释义

LAST UPDATED: 1/11/2021

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

helpline /ˈhelplaɪn/
noun
​a phone or online service that provides advice and information about particular problems
服务热线(提供咨询和信息的电话)
to set up/run a helpline
an AIDS helpline
Our online helpline service is a chat service for people with questions about mental health issues.

hotline /ˈhɒtlaɪn/
noun
1. ​a special phone line that people can use in order to get information or to talk about something
电话咨询服务专线;热线
a 24-hour confidential hotline
An emergency hotline has been set up for the relatives of those involved in the disaster.

Extra Examples
A telephone hotline has been set up to give information about the changed train services.
Call our 24-hour hotline to find out if you have won a prize.
The company has an information hotline that customers can call if they are worried about products.

​2. a direct phone line between the heads of government in different countries
(各国政府首脑之间通话的)热线
the hotline to the White House


Word List

particular
/pəˈtɪkjələ(r)/
adjective
[only before noun] used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person, thing or type of thing and not others
专指的,特指的(与泛指相对)

英语中“幼儿园”一词的不同写法

LAST UPDATED: 22/12/2021

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn/
noun
(from German)
​1. (especially North American English) a school or class to prepare children aged five for school
学前班
his first day at kindergarten

Extra Examples
James is in kindergarten now, but he's moving up to infant school this autumn.
She teaches reading to students in kindergarten.
She was still attending kindergarten at Assumption School.
their plans for Hannah to start all-day kindergarten

2. (British English, Australian English, New Zealand English) nursery school (= a school for children between the ages of about two and five)
nursery school /ˈnɜːsəri skuːl/
noun
​a school for children between the ages of about two and five
幼儿园
SYNONYM preschool
She works as an assistant in a nursery school.
preschool /ˈpriːskuːl/
noun
a school for children between the ages of about two and five
幼儿园
SYNONYM nursery school

Word List

prepare /prɪˈpeə(r)/
verb
[transitive, intransitive] to make something or somebody ready to be used or to do something
使做好准备;把……预备好

present simple I / you / we / they prepare
/prɪˈpeə(r)/
he / she / it prepares
/prɪˈpeəz/
past simple prepared
/prɪˈpeəd/
past participle prepared
/prɪˈpeəd/
-ing form preparing
/prɪˈpeərɪŋ/

aged /eɪdʒd/
adjective
[not before noun] of the age of
……岁

infant /ˈɪnfənt/
noun
(in England and Wales) a child at school between the ages of four and seven
四到七岁之间的学童

autumn /ˈɔːtəm/
noun
(especially British English)
(North American English usually fall)
[uncountable, countable]
the season of the year between summer and winter, when leaves change colour and the weather becomes colder
秋天;秋季

attend /əˈtend/
verb
[transitive, intransitive] attend something (formal) to go regularly to a place
经常去,定期去(某处)

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they attend
/əˈtend/
he / she / it attends
/əˈtendz/
past simple attended
/əˈtendɪd/
past participle attended
/əˈtendɪd/
-ing form attending
/əˈtendɪŋ/

assumption /əˈsʌmpʃn/
noun
[countable] a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will happen, although there is no proof
假定;假设

plan /plæn/
noun
something that you intend to do or achieve
计划;打算

Hannah /ˈhænə/
a first name for girls
女子名

all-day /ˈɔːl deɪ/
adjective
[only before noun]
continuing or available for the whole day
整整一天的;全天的


单词kindergarten来源于德语,该词在美式英语和英式英语中分别表示不同含义,在美式英语中,其表示为年满5岁儿童所上的“学前班”,而在英式英语中则表示2-5岁儿童所上的“幼儿园”。单词nursery school与preschool互为同义词,都是表示2-5岁儿童所上的学校,即“幼儿园”。(#696969 Dim Gray)

动词第三人称单数形式的拼写和读音

LAST UPDATED: 29/10/2021

Practical English Usage

拼写

大多数动词:动词原形加-s

work → works
sit → sits
stay → stays

以辅音+y结尾的动词:变y为i加-es

cry → cries
hurry → hurries
reply → replies

但(元音+y)例外:

enjoy → enjoys

以-s,-z,-ch,-sh或-x结尾的动词:动词原形加-es

miss → misses
buzz → buzzes
watch → watches
push → pushes
fix → fixes

例外情况:

have → has
go → goes
do → does

读音

动词-(e)s的读音取决于它前面的那个音。其读音规则和名词复数词尾-(e)s相同。
不规则读音:says(/sez/, 不能读 /seiz/);does(/daz/,不能读 /du:z/)。

Roll Call

LAST UPDATED: 29/10/2021

They’re two, they’re four, they’re six, they’re eight
Shunting trucks and hauling freight
Red and green and brown and blue
They’re the really useful crew
All with different roles to play
Round Tidmouth Sheds or far away
Down the hills and round the bends
Thomas and his friends

(Thomas) He’s the cheeky one
(James) Is vain but lots of fun
(Percy) Pulls the mail on time
(Gordon) Thunders down the line
(Emily) Really knows her stuff
(Henry) Toots and huffs and puffs
(Edward) Wants to help and share
(Toby) Well, let’s say, he’s square

They’re two, they’re four, they’re six, they’re eight
Shunting trucks and hauling freight
Red and green and brown and blue
They’re the really useful crew
All with different roles to play
Round Tidmouth Sheds or far away
Down the hills and round the bends
Thomas and his friends


shunt /ʃʌnt/
verb
shunt something to move a train or a coach of a train from one track to another
使(火车或火车车厢)转轨

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they shunt
/ʃʌnt/
he / she / it shunts
/ʃʌnts/
past simple shunted
/ˈʃʌntɪd/
past participle shunted
/ˈʃʌntɪd/
-ing form shunting
/ˈʃʌntɪŋ/

truck /trʌk/
noun
(British English)
(North American English car)
an open railway vehicle for carrying goods or animals
(铁路上运送货物或动物的)敞篷车,无盖车皮
a cattle truck
敞篷运牛车厢

haul /hɔːl/
verb
to pull something/somebody with a lot of effort
(用力)拖,拉,拽
haul something/somebody The wagons were hauled by horses.
haul something/somebody + adv./prep. He reached down and hauled Liz up onto the wall.
The car was hauled out of the river.
fishermen hauling in their nets

Verb Forms 
present simple I / you / we / they haul 
/hɔːl/ 
he / she / it hauls 
/hɔːlz/ 
past simple hauled 
/hɔːld/ 
past participle hauled 
/hɔːld/ 
-ing form hauling 
/ˈhɔːlɪŋ/

freight /freɪt/
noun
[uncountable]
goods that are transported by ships, planes, trains or lorries; the system of transporting goods in this way
(海运、空运或陆运的)货物;货运
to send goods by air freight
空运货物
a freight business
货运公司
passenger and freight transportation services
客货运业务

useful /ˈjuːsfl/
adjective
(British English, informal) good; of the right standard synonym competent
好的;合格的
He’s a very useful player.
他是个很棒的运动员。

crew /kruː/
noun
[countable + singular or plural verb] all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.
(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员
crew members
全体机组人员
None of the passengers and crew were injured
没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。

role /rəʊl/
noun
the function or position that somebody has or is expected to have in an organization, in society or in a relationship
职能;地位;角色

Tidmouth
地名

shed /ʃed/
noun
(British English) a large industrial building, used for working in or keeping equipment
(工业上用于生产或存放设备的)厂房,工棚,库房
an engine shed
机车库

bend /bend/
noun
[countable] a curve or turn, especially in a road or river
(尤指道路或河流的)拐弯,弯道
a sharp bend in the road
You took that bend very fast!
He lost control on a bend and crashed into a tree.
As the driver came round the bend, she saw the lorry.

cheeky /ˈtʃiːki/
adjective
(informal)
​rude in a funny or annoying way
厚脸皮的;鲁莽的;放肆的
You cheeky monkey!
你这个厚脸皮的猴崽子!
a cheeky grin
厚颜无耻的呲牙一笑
You’re getting far too cheeky!
你太放肆了!

Thomas /ˈtɒməs/
人名

James /dʒeɪmz/
人名

vain /veɪn/
adjective
(disapproving) too proud of your own appearance, abilities or achievements
自负的;自视过高的
synonym conceited
She’s too vain to wear glasses.
她太爱虚荣,不肯戴眼镜。
see also vanity

Percy /pɜːsi/
人名

Gordon /ˈɡɔːdn/
人名

thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/
verb
[intransitive] + adv./prep. to move very fast and with a loud deep noise
轰隆隆地快速移动
synonym roar
Heavy trucks kept thundering past.
重型卡车不断地隆隆驶过。
The horse raced across the pasture, its hooves thundering on the grass.

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they thunder
/ˈθʌndə(r)/
he / she / it thunders
/ˈθʌndəz/
past simple thundered
/ˈθʌndəd/
past participle thundered
/ˈθʌndəd/
-ing form thundering
/ˈθʌndərɪŋ/

line /laɪn/
noun
[countable] a railway track or other transport route; a section of a transport system or route
轨道;铁道;(铁路的)段,线路
The train was delayed because a tree had fallen across the line.
火车晚点是因为有一棵树横倒在铁轨上。
a rail line
(British English also) a railway line
the East Coast line
东海岸铁路线
We got off the bus near the end of the line at San Gerardo.
Streetcar lines carried passengers to ever more distant areas of the city.
on a line We live on the Northern Line.
see also main line

Emily /ˈeməli/
人名

knows

stuff

Henry /ˈhenri/
人名

toot /tuːt/
verb
[intransitive, transitive] (especially British English)
when a car horn toots or you toot it, it makes a short, high sound
(使汽车喇叭)发出短促尖锐的声音,发出嘟嘟声
the sound of horns tooting
鸣喇叭的声音
A horn tooted outside signaling the arrival of my taxi.
toot something Toot your horn to let them know we’re here.
按按喇叭,告诉他们我们到了。

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they toot
/tuːt/
he / she / it toots
/tuːts/
past simple tooted
/ˈtuːtɪd/
past participle tooted
/ˈtuːtɪd/
-ing form tooting
/ˈtuːtɪŋ/

huff /hʌf/
verb
(+ speech) to say something or make a noise in a way that shows you are offended or annoyed
生气地说;怒气冲冲
‘Well, nobody asked you,’ she huffed irritably.
“哼,谁问你了。”她怒气冲冲地说。

puff /pʌf/
verb
[transitive, intransitive] to make smoke or steam blow out in clouds; to blow out in clouds
使喷出,冒出(烟或蒸汽)
puff something (out) Chimneys were puffing out clouds of smoke.
烟囱冒着滚滚浓烟。
puff (out) Steam puffed out.
蒸汽向外喷出。

IDIOMS
huff and puff
(informal)
to breathe in a noisy way because you are very tired
气喘吁吁;上气不接下气
Jack was huffing and puffing to keep up with her.
杰克气喘吁吁地跟着她。

want /wɒnt/
verb
to have a desire or a wish for something/somebody
要;想要;希望
want to do something What do you want to do tomorrow?
明天你想做什么?
What I really want to know is why you would even think that?
‘It’s time you did your homework.’ ‘I don’t want to!’
“你该做作业了。”“我就是不想做!”
I just wanted to know if everything was all right.
我只是想知道是否一切都好。
(informal) You can come too, if you want.
如果你想来也可以来。
We could see a movie later if you want to.
There are two points which I wanted to make.
我想要指出的有两点。
I wanted to go home.
I simply wanted to be left in peace.
She desperately wanted to believe him.
These are books that children actually want to read.

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they want
/wɒnt/
he / she / it wants
/wɒnts/
past simple wanted
/ˈwɒntɪd/
past participle wanted
/ˈwɒntɪd/
-ing form wanting
/ˈwɒntɪŋ/

Edward /ˈedwəd/
爱德华

Toby /ˈtəʊbi/
托比

say /seɪ/
verb
[transitive, no passive] to suggest or give something as an example or a possibility
比方说;假设
say something/somebody You could learn the basics in, let’s say, three months.
比方说,三个月你就可以掌握基本知识。
Let’s take any writer, say (= for example) Dickens…
我们随便举一个作家为例,比如说狄更斯……
say (that)… Say you lose your job: what would you do then?
假设你把工作丢了,那你怎么办呢?
Just say he refuses to talk to you.

Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they say
/seɪ/
he / she / it says
/sez/
past simple said
/sed/
past participle said
/sed/
-ing form saying
/ˈseɪɪŋ/

square /skweə(r)/
adjective
having four straight equal sides and four angles of 90°
正方形的;四方形的
a square room
正方形的房间

单词word和vocabulary释义

LAST UPDATED: 2/11/2021

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

word /wɜːd/
noun

1. [countable] a single unit of language that means something and can be spoken or written
单词;词;字

Do not write more than 200 words.
写的东西不要超过200字。
Do you know the words to this song?
你知道这首歌的歌词么?
word for something What’s the Spanish word for ‘table’?
table一词在西班牙语里叫什么?
He was a true friend in all senses of the word.
从任何意义上来说他都是位真正的朋友。
Tell me what happened in your own words.
用你自己的话告诉我出了什么事。
I could hear every word they were saying.
我可以听到他们说的每一个字。
without speaking/uttering a word

He couldn’t find the words to thank her enough.
他找不出适当的话语来充分表达对她的感激之情。
Words fail me (= I cannot express how I feel).
我无法用语言来表达我的感受。
There are no words to say how sorry we are.
我们十分后悔,实在无以言喻。
I can’t remember her exact words.
我记不清她的原话了。
Angry is not the word for it—I was furious.
说“生气”都不够——我是怒不可遏。
I can never put my feelings into words.

2. [countable] a thing that you say; a remark or statement
说的话;话语;言语

3. [singular] a promise or guarantee that you will do something or that something will happen or is true
诺言;许诺;保证

4. [singular] a piece of information or news
信息;消息

5. the Word
(also the Word of God)
[singular] the Bible and its teachings
《圣经》;福音


vocabulary /vəˈkæbjələri/
noun
(plural vocabularies)

1. [countable, uncountable] all the words that a person knows or uses
(某人掌握或使用的)词汇,词汇量

to have a wide/limited vocabulary
词汇量大/有限
your active vocabulary (= the words that you use)
你的主动词汇
your passive vocabulary (= the words that you understand but don’t use)
你的被动词汇
Reading will increase your vocabulary.
阅读会增加你的词汇量。

2. [countable] all the words in a particular language
(某一语言的)词汇,词汇量

When did the word ‘bungalow’ first enter the vocabulary?
bungalow一词何时进入(英语)词汇中的?

3. [uncountable, countable] the words that people use when they are talking about a particular subject
(某学科中所使用的)词汇

The word has become part of advertising vocabulary.
这个单词已经成了广告用语。

4. (also informal vocab /ˈvəʊkæb/)
[countable] a list of words with their meanings, especially in a book for learning a foreign language
(尤指外语教科书中附有释义的)词汇表

Write it down in your vocab book.


在表达英语学习过程中的“单词表”或“词汇表”的意思时,单词word意思之一是表示单个的字或词,而单词vocabulary意思之一是表达一个人所掌握的词汇量,同时,单词vocabulary以及它的非正式用法vocab也有“单词表”或“词汇表”的意思,即a list of words。所以词组word list以单词word构成“单词表”或“词汇表”的另外一种表达方式。

OFD Vacabulary 4

LAST UPDATED: 28/10/2021

Oxford First Dictionary

dog
duck
door
drum
duckling
dandelion

log
frog
bog

water
wind
woodpecker

nut
mat
cat

can
pan

Chip
cup
sheep

den
pen

pot
dot
fruit
bucket
biscuit

clock
mug
head


Helping Your Child to Read

LAST UPDATED: 27-10-2021

Read with Biff, Chip & Kipper
Handbook

Introduction

  • What is Read with Biff, Chip and Kipper?
    什么是《与Biff、Chip和Kipper一起阅读》?
    This fun, innovative series is designed for young, beginner readers.
    The books feature the familiar and much-loved characters: Biff, Chip, Kipper and Floppy the dog from the Oxford Reading Tree, which is used in 80% of primary schools. Read with Biff, Chip and kipper is based on the Oxford Reading Tree and reflects how reading is taught at school.
    这个有趣、创新的系列专为年轻的初学者读者设计。
    这些书以熟悉和深受喜爱的角色为特色:来自牛津阅读树的Biff、Chip、Kipper 和小狗 Floppy,百分之八十的小学都在使用它。 《与Biff、 Chip和Kipper一起阅读》基于牛津阅读树,同时也反映了学校如何教授阅读。
  • How can I help my child learn to read?
    Read with Biff, Chip and Kipper is the perfect starting point! Each story has been specially written to support your child’s reading at home. The stories are full of humour and fun which will keep your child motivated to read whilst developing their confidence and reading skills.
    我如何帮助我的孩子学习阅读?
    与 Biff、Chip 和 Kipper 一起阅读是完美的起点! 每个故事都是专门编写的,以支持您的孩子在家阅读。 这些故事充满幽默和乐趣,可以让您的孩子有动力阅读,同时培养他们的信心和阅读技巧。
  • How can I ensure my child progresses?
    There are tow strands within the series: Phonics books enable children to practise their letters and sounds just as they do at school; First stories introduce young readers to common words and everyday language.
    There are six graded levels within each strand providing gradual progression and vocabulary repetition throughout the series. Your child will become a more confident and enthusiastic reader as they progress through the levels.
    我怎样才能确保我的孩子进步?
    该系列由两部分组成:Phonics书籍让孩子们可以像在学校一样练习字母和发音; First Stories向年轻读者介绍了常用词语和日常语言。
    每部分又有六个分级级别,在整个系列中提供渐进式进度和词汇重复。 随着您的孩子在各个级别的进步,他们将成为一个更加自信和热情的读者。
  • Hints and tips
    Every book includes practical tips and stimulating ideas for you to use with your child when reading and discussing the story. They also contain fun activities which help to develop your child’s reading skills.
    提示和技巧
    每本书都包含实用的技巧和启发性的想法,供您在阅读和讨论故事时与孩子一起使用。 它们还包含有助于培养孩子阅读技巧的有趣活动。

How does your child learn to read at school?

Schools use a range of methods to teach children to read. The main one currently used is called ‘synthetic phonics’.
学校使用一系列方法来教孩子们阅读。 目前使用的主要一种称为“合成语音”。

In nursery and the early months of school, there is emphasis on listening to stories and the sounds of the language, including rhyme and rhythm, building up to a focus on synthetic phonics (letter-sound relationships). Children are taught that the letter ‘s’ make a sss sound, as in sun; that we say ‘a’ as in apple and ‘t’ as in tap. Children can then start to read simple words by blending the sounds together to make a word, e.g. s-a-t, sat.
在幼儿园和上学的前几个月,重点是听故事和语言的声音,包括韵律和节奏,重点是合成语音(字母-声音关系)。 孩子们被教导字母“s”发出 sss 音,就像在 sun 中一样; 我们在 apple 中说“a”,在 tap 中说“t”。 然后,孩子们可以通过将声音混合在一起组成一个单词来开始阅读简单的单词,例如 s-a-t,sat。

After they have learned the more straightforward letter-sound relationships, they are taught the more complex ones, e.g. that the ‘igh’ sound as in high can also be written as tried, cry, and nine.
在他们学习了更直接的“字母-声音”关系之后,他们将学习更复杂的关系,例如 ‘igh’ 音如 high 也可以写成 try、cry 和 nine。

Sounds are not taught in alphabetical order, instead they are taught in the order best suited to begin blending sounds fo reading.
声音不是按字母顺序教授的,而是按照最适合开始混合声音阅读的顺序来教授的。

You can listen to the sounds on www.oxfordowl.co.uk. Note that some sounds a prononunced differently according to regional accent so consult your child’s teacher for advice if you are unsure.
您可以在 www.oxfordowl.co.uk 上收听声音。 请注意,根据地区口音,有些发音会有所不同,因此如果您不确定,请咨询您孩子的老师以获得建议。

Tricky words
棘手词语
Because English is not phonically regular, some common, everyday words like the, no and said cannot be read by sounding out. These are sometimes called ‘tricky’ words.
由于英语在语音上不规则,一些常见的日常用语如 the、no 和 said无法通过发音来阅读。 这些有时被称为“棘手”的词语。
Read these words out to your child and they will soon learn to recognise them by sight. The read with Biff, Chip and Kipper Flashcard Word Games are a fun and effective way to lean and practise tricky words.
将这些单词读给您的孩子听,他们很快就会学会通过视觉识别它们。 “与Biff、Chip 和 Kipper一起阅读识字卡词语游戏”是学习和练习棘手单词的有趣且有效的方式。

Oxford Owl

Oxford Owl is a free website designed for busy parents who need information and ideas, quickly and easily.
Oxford Owl 是一个免费网站,专为忙碌的父母而设计,他们需要快速轻松地获取信息和主意。

It contains:
它包含:

  • Practical tips and advice on how to help children lean to read.
    关于如何帮助孩子学习阅读的实用技巧和建议。
  • Ideas and activities to help make reading fun.
    有助于使阅读变得有趣的主意和活动。
  • A helping hand with phonics, which inclues audio and video.
    发音的帮手,包括音频和视频。
  • Answers to frequently asked questions, and a ‘jargon buster’ to help you understand the latest buzz words.
    常见问题的解答,以及帮助您理解最新流行语的“行话终结者”。
  • ‘Character actvity zones’ for children, including fun and games with Biff, Chip and Kipper.
    适合儿童的“角色活动区”,包括与 Biff、Chip 和 Kipper 有关的趣味游戏。
  • Free interactive eBooks and help in selecting print books to purchase, including Read with Biff, Chip and Kipper.
    免费的互动电子书和帮助选择要购买的印刷书籍,包括“与 Biff、Chip 和 Kipper 一起阅读”。

Choosing the right books  for your child

The Read with Biff, Chip and Kipper chart on page 5 provides rough age guidance and Oxford Reading Tree levels for each book. However, every child develops at heir own pace. These level descriptions provide more detail to help you decide which level to start with your child. If you are in any doubt ask your child’s teacher for guidance.
第 5 页上的“与 Biff、Chip 和 Kipper 一起阅读”的图表提供了每本书的粗略年龄指导和牛津阅读树级别。 然而,每个孩子都按照自己的节奏发展。 这些级别描述提供了更多详细信息,可帮助您决定您的孩子从哪个级别开始。 如果您有任何疑问,请向您孩子的老师寻求指导。

Level 1: Getting ready to read(4-5-year olds)
级别 1:准备阅读(4-5 岁)
is for children who enjoy sharing and talking about books and can:
适合喜欢分享和谈论书籍并且可以:

  • listen to a story and retell bits of it
    听一个故事并复述它的一部分
  • recognise their own name
    认出自己的名字
  • recognise some letter sounds(e.g. some of the sounds in their name)
    识别一些字母的声音(例如他们名字中的一些声音)
  • pick out patterns and details in pictures
    挑出图片中的图案和细节
  • join in with language play(e.g. songs and nursery rhymes, games like ‘I spy’ etc)
    加入语言游戏(例如歌曲和童谣,“我是间谍”等游戏)
  • match some words(e.g. match Mum from a set of cars to the word Mum is a sentence)
    配对一些单词(例如,将 Mum from a set of cars 匹配到单词 Mum is a sentence)
  • sustain concentration for 5-10 minutes.
    保持专注5-10分钟。

Level 2: Starting to read (4-5-year olds)
2级:开始阅读(4-5岁)
Is for chidren who can:
适合能够:

  • read short sentences with simple two and three letter words (e.g. Mum has a big red bag.)
    阅读带有简单的两个和三个字母单词的短句(例如,妈妈有一个大大的红色的包。)
  • retell a simple story
    复述一个简单的故事
  • recognise 5-10 common tricky words by sight (e.g the, and)
    通过视觉识别 5-10 个常见的棘手单词(例如,the,and)
  • write their name and a few other common words
    写下他们的名字和其他一些常用词
  • build sentences using familiar words.
    用熟悉的词造句。

Level 3: Becoming a reader (4-5-year olds)
第 3 级:成为一名读者(4-5 岁)
Is for children who can:
适合能够:

  • Read words and sentences containing less common letters, as well as sh, ch, th (e.g. The fox got his fish in the chip shop.)
    阅读包含不常见字母的单词和句子,以及 sh、ch、th(例如,The fox got his fish in the chip shop。)
  • Recognise 10-20 common tricky words by sight (e.g. was, you, they)
    通过视觉识别 10-20 个常见的棘手单词(例如, was, you, they)
  • Recognise all the letter sounds at the beginning and end of words
    识别单词开头和结尾的所有字母发音
  • Use some expression when they re-read books.
    当他们重新阅读书籍时,使用一些表达方式。

Level 4: Developing as a reader (5-6-year olds)
第 4 级:发展成为阅读者(5-6 岁)
Is for children who can:
适合能够:

  • Read some long vowels (e.g. feet, moon) and adjacent consonants (e.g. crash, star)
    读一些长元音(例如foot、moon)和相邻的辅音(例如crash、star)
  • Read harder sentences, with less support
    以更少的支持来阅读较难的句子
  • Recognise 20-30 common tricky words by sight (e.g. what, there, some)
    通过视觉识别 20-30 个常见的棘手单词(例如,what,there,some)
  • Read words with more syllables and recognise more words in sentences.
    读具有更多音节的单词,认识更多句子中的单词。

Level 5: Building confidence in reading (5-6-year olds)
第 5 级:建立阅读信心(5-6 岁)
is for children who can:
适用于能够:

  • Recognise 30-50 common words by sight
    视觉识别30-50个常用词
  • Read harder sentences, with less support, and recognise more words in sentences
    阅读难度较大的句子,支持较少,识别句子中的单词较多
  • Read various spellings of long vowels (e.g. tried, night, cry and nine)
    阅读长元音的各种拼写(例如,try、night、cry 和九)
  • Recognise all common spelling patterns and know that many of them can be pronounced in more than one way
    识别所有常见的拼写模式,并知道其中许多可以以不止一种方式发音
  • Talk about the characters and plot
    谈谈人物和情节
  • Begin to read silently
    开始默读

Level 6: Reading with confidence (5-6-year olds)
第 6 级:自信地阅读(5-6 岁)
Is for children who:
适合以下儿童:

  • Confidently comment on characters, story and plot
    自信地评论人物、故事和情节
  • Express opinions about what they read
    表达对他们所读内容的看法
  • Confidently read different spelling for one sound (e.g. hair, bear)
    自信地读出一种声音的不同拼写(例如 hair、bear)
  • Can read words with common endings (e.g turning, turned) and beginnings (e.g return)
    可以阅读具有共同结尾(例如turning、turned)和开头(例如return)的单词
  • Can read silently
    可以默读
  • Like to attempt longer books.
    喜欢尝试更长的书籍

About this Biff, Chip and Kipper collection

This Read with Biff, Chip and Kipper collection has been specially created for young, beginner readers to enjoy. The stories gradually progress in difficulty to help build your child’s confidence and to practise the key reading skills they will be learning at school.
这本与 Biff、Chip 和 Kipper 一起阅读的合集是专门为年轻的初学者读者创作的。 故事的难度逐渐增加,以帮助您的孩子建立信心并练习他们将在学校学习的关键阅读技巧。
Your can find activities, information and advice for each of these three levels on pages 11-20 of this hand book.
您可以在本手册的第 11-20 页找到这三个级别的活动、信息和建议。

The collection contains this hand book and 32 storybooks at Levels 1-3:

Level 1 Getting ready to read (4-5 year olds)

Preparing your child for reading
为您的孩子做好阅读准备

Sharing books and taling about the pictures with your baby and toddler will increase their language skills and develop their understanding of the world. Even at this early stage, your child will be learning how books work – that they have a front and a back and pages that turn to tell a story. They may like to hlod the book and try to turn the pages themselves.
与您的宝宝和蹒跚学步的孩子分享书籍和讲述这些图片将提高他们的语言技能并发展他们对世界的理解。 即使在这个早期阶段,您的孩子也将学习书籍的工作原理——它们有正面和背面以及可以转动来讲述故事的书页。 他们可能喜欢拿着书并尝试自己翻页。

Point to each word on the page as you read to help your child understand how print works – that the marks on the page carry meaning to tell the story. Once they can sustain concentration for five to ten minutes you will be able to help them get ready to start learning to read.
阅读时指向页面上的每个单词,以帮助您的孩子了解印刷品的工作原理——页面上的标记具有讲述故事的意义。 一旦他们能够集中注意力五到十分钟,您就可以帮助他们准备好开始学习阅读。

Children need to develop a range of skills, focusing on both the meaning of sentences and shape of a story, and on individual words and phonics.
孩子们需要培养一系列技能,重点关注句子的含义和故事的形式,以及单个单词和语音。

You can help them by:
您可以通过以下方式帮助他们:

  • Talking about stories and using story language
    讲故事和使用故事语言
  • Helping them develop a knowledge of phonics
    帮助他们发展语音知识
  • Helping them to recognise common words by sight.
    帮助他们通过视觉识别常用词。

In Pre-school and reception, the emphasis is on listeing to stories and the sounds of language, including rhyme and rhythm, before introducing phonics.
在学前班和接待处,在介绍语音之前,重点是听故事和语言的声音,包括韵律和节奏。

You can help your child with phonics by playing language games with them: teach them songs and nursery rhymes; invent silly rhymes for them to join in; clap the rhythms of words; help them to think of ‘another word that begins with the same sound as…’.
您可以通过与孩子玩语言游戏来帮助他们学习语音:教他们歌曲和童谣; 为他们编造愚蠢的押韵; 拍打单词的节奏; 帮助他们想出“另一个以与……相同的声音开头的词”。

Practical tips
实用技巧

Try to make time to read to and with your child every day. Choose a time when they are not too tired and you are too busy. Turn off any distractions such as TV, radio and mobile phone.
尽量每天抽出时间给您的孩子阅读并与您的孩子一起阅读。 选择一个他们不太累而你不太忙的时间。 关掉任何让你分心的事物,例如电视、收音机和手机。

  • Before you read a story with your child:
    在与孩子一起阅读故事之前:
    – talk about the title and the pictrures on the cover, and look through the book together
    – 说说书名和封面图片,一起看书
    – discuss what you tink the story might be about
    – 讨论你认为这个故事可能是关于什么的
    – check that your child knows where to start reading and the direction of print across the page.
    – 检查您的孩子是否知道从哪里开始阅读以及整个页面的打印方向。
  • Read the story to your child, pointing to the words as you read.
    给你的孩子读这个故事,一边读一边指着单词。
  • Re-read the story with your child, encouraging them to join in with repeated patterns.
    与您的孩子一起重读这个故事,鼓励他们以重复的模式加入。
  • Give them lots of praise as they read with you.
    当他们和你一起阅读时,给他们很多赞美。

Phonic activities
语音活动

When you have read the story, you can start to draw attention to the words and letters.
读完故事后,您可以开始注意单词和字母。

Point out the starting sound of a word and then ask them to find another word beginning with the same letter or perhaps to think of a rhyming word.
指出一个单词的起始音,然后让他们找出另一个以相同字母开头的单词,或者想出一个押韵的单词。

Ask them to find two words that are the same.
请他们找出两个相同的词。

Story activities
故事活动

When you have finished reading, ask questions like:
读完后,提出以下问题:

  • What was your favourite bit?
    你最喜欢什么?
  • Why do you think the pancake si stossed?
    你认为煎饼为什么会被扔掉?
  • Have you ever had a pancake?
    你吃过煎饼吗?

Level 1: Phonics
级别 1:语音

kipper’s Alphabet I Spy is a fun introduction to each letter of the alphabet and the sound it represents. Chip’s Letter Sounds reinforces and practises letter sounds. Biff’s Wonder Words introduces simple three letter words such as sat and mud. Floppy’s Fun Phonics and Biff’s Fun Phonics practise reading simple captions and sentences. Kipper’s Rhymes introduces simple rhymes.
kipper 的 Alphabet I Spy 是对字母表中每个字母及其代表的声音的有趣介绍。 Chip’s Letter Sounds 加强和练习字母发音。 Biff 的 Wonder Words 引入了简单的三个字母的单词,例如 sat 和mud。 Floppy 的 Fun Phonics 和 Biff 的 Fun Phonics 练习阅读简单的标题和句子。 Kipper’s Rhymes 介绍了简单的韵律。

Developing phonic skills
发展语音技能

  • Encourage your child to recognise letters and rhymes.
    鼓励您的孩子认识字母和押韵。
  • Sing the alphabet song while pointing to the printed letters.
    一边指着印刷的字母一边唱字母歌。
  • Recite rhymes the know, like One, two, three, four, five, Once I caught a fish …, and get them to supply the missing rhyming word.
    背诵知道的押韵,例如一、二、三、四、五,我钓到一条鱼……,并让他们提供缺少的押韵词。
  • Use modelling clay or playdough to make letter shapes.
    使用造型粘土或橡皮泥制作字母形状。
  • Demonstrate blending by saying the sounds c-a-t to read cat.
    通过说出 c-a-t 来读 cat 来演示混合。
  • Use magnetic letters on the fridge and sponge letters in the bath to spell your child’s name, and other simple words.
    使用冰箱上的磁性字母和浴缸中的海绵字母拼写您孩子的名字,以及其他简单的单词。
  • Find picture in magazines to make sets of ‘Words which begin with …’ and make an alphabet scrapbook.
    在杂志中查找图片以制作“以……开头的单词”并制作字母剪贴簿。

Level 1: First Stories
第 1 级:第一个故事

The Level 1 First Stories are short, amusing stories featuring Biff, Chip, Kipper and Floppy from the Oxford Reading Tree. They use simple words and are designed to help build children’s confidence at this early stage.
第 1 级故事是简短而有趣的故事,其中包括来自牛津阅读树的 Biff、Chip、Kipper 和 Floppy。它们使用简单的词语,旨在帮助孩子在这个早期阶段建立信心。

Look Through the picture for each story first, so your child can see what the book is about. Next, read the story to your child, placing your finger under each word as you read. Then read the story again and encourage your child to join in. Re-read the story as many times as your child wants -this helps to build their confidence. Talk about the story together when you have finished.
首先浏览每个故事的图片,以便您的孩子可以看到这本书的内容。接下来,给你的孩子读这个故事,在你读的时候把你的手指放在每个单词下面。然后再读一遍故事并鼓励您的孩子参与其中。根据孩子的需要多次重读故事——这有助于建立他们的信心。完成后一起讨论这个故事。

Developing reading skills
培养阅读能力

  • Draw attention to special book language, such as Once upon a time …
    提请注意特殊的书籍语言,例如从前……
  • Encourage your child to retell favourite stories to a friend or grandparent.
    鼓励您的孩子向朋友或祖父母复述最喜欢的故事。
  • Use the pictures as well as the words to help them understand the whole story.
    使用图片和文字帮助他们理解整个故事。
  • Take your child to the library and encourage the to maek choices about the books they want to read.
    带你的孩子去图书馆,鼓励他们选择他们想读的书。
  • Enjoy teaching them nursery rhymes and action songs.
    喜欢教他们童谣和动作歌曲。
  • Play I Spy on car journeys or listen to audio CDs.
    在汽车旅行中播放 I Spy 或听音频 CD。
  • Read as many books as you can, including re-tellings of traditional tales and fairy stories, alphabet books and even catalogues!
    尽可能多地阅读书籍,包括重述传统故事和童话故事、字母书甚至目录!

Level 2 Staring to read (4-5 year olds)

At this stage your child will be starting to read at school and will probably be bringing books home to practise their skills. But don’t stop reading to your child, it is this experience that draws them into reading for enjoyment.
在这个阶段,您的孩子将开始在学校阅读,并且可能会带书回家练习他们的技能。 但是不要停止给您的孩子阅读,正是这种体验吸引他们阅读以享受乐趣。

Practical tips
实用技巧

Keep reading lots of different books to your child, and keep bedtime reading special. Most picture books will be too hard for them to read, and it’s good for them just to listen to a story and look at the pictures with you.
继续为您的孩子阅读许多不同的书籍,并保持睡前阅读特别。大多数图画书对他们来说太难读了,他们只是和你一起听故事和看图片对他们有好处。
Before reading a book together, always talk about the title, the blurb, and the pictures on the cover. Ask your child what they think the book might be about. As you read, point to the words. Let them join in if they want to.
在一起阅读一本书之前,总是先谈论标题、简介和封面上的图片。询问您的孩子他们认为这本书可能是关于什么的。阅读时,指向单词。如果他们愿意,让他们加入。
Read with expression when reading aloud and try different voices for different characters. Get your child to join in with refrains like They huffed and they puffed!
大声朗读时有表情地朗读,为不同的角色尝试不同的声音。让您的孩子加入像他们怒气冲冲和他们喘气这样的副歌!
Talk about the stories when you’ve finished reading together. Ask questions like: What did you like best? What colours did the snowman wear?
一起读完之后再讲故事。提出这样的问题:你最喜欢什么?雪人穿了什么颜色?
Always read a book aloud before you ask your child to read it to you. This gives them the chance to understand the story, and to hear the words and language patterns. Remember, you are not testing your child, knowing what the book is about will hep boost their confidence.
在您让孩子给您朗读之前,请务必先大声朗读一本书。这让他们有机会了解故事,并听到单词和语言模式。请记住,您不是在测试您的孩子,了解这本书的内容将有助于增强他们的信心。

Level 2: Phonics
级别 2:语音
Reading the books together
一起看书
Each book contains two stories which introduce new letter paterns and help children to practise them.
每本书包含两个故事,介绍新的字母模式并帮助孩子们练习它们。
Before you start reading, tak about the title and the picture on the cover.
在开始阅读之前,先了解一下封面上的标题和图片。
Ask: What do you think the story is about?
问:你认为这个故事是关于什么的?
Look at the focus letter patterns practised in each book. These are listed on the inside front cover.
查看每本书中练习的焦点字母模式。 这些都列在封面内侧。
On pages 4 and 15, the focus letter patterns are shown in bold. Say the sounds in each word, then say the word (e.g. T-e-ss, Tess).
在第 4 页和第 15 页上,焦点字母图案以粗体显示。 说出每个单词的发音,然后说出单词(例如 T-e-ss、Tess)。
Read each story then go back and find the words with those letter patterns. Give your child lots of praise as they read!
阅读每个故事,然后返回并找到带有这些字母模式的单词。 在孩子阅读时给他们很多赞美!

Practising phonic skills
Find sets of words which begin or end with the same sound.
Say a short word. Can your child tell you the sounds in the word? (e.g. sat, s-a-t). Or say the sounds. Can your child tell you the word? (e.g. f-i-sh, fish)
After you have read a book, play word and letter-spotting games like these: Can you find the word ‘and’ on this page? How many words an you find on this page that begin with ‘t’?
The letter patterns practised in Level 2
‘o’ as in dog and ‘a’ as in cat
‘I’ as in tin, and ‘u’ as in tub
‘e’ as in hen, ‘o’ as in pot, ‘s’ as in mess
‘z’ as in buzz and zap, ‘f’ as in off, and fizz, and ‘j’ as in jam
练习发音技巧
找出以相同音开头或结尾的词组。
说一个简短的词。 您的孩子会告诉您单词中的发音吗? (例如坐,s-a-t)。 或者说声音。 你的孩子会告诉你这个词吗? (例如 f-i-sh、鱼)
读完一本书后,可以玩这样的认字游戏:你能在这个页面上找到“and”这个词吗? 您在此页面上找到了多少个以“t”开头的单词?
在第 2 级练习的字母模式
“o”如狗,“a”如猫
“我”在罐子里,“你”在浴缸里
“e”代表母鸡,“o”代表锅,“s”代表混乱
‘z’ 表示 buzz 和 zap,’f’ 表示关闭和 fizz,’j’ 表示果酱

Level 2: First Stories
These simple stories help children to practise reading common words and everyday language.
Before you stat reading, talk about the title and the picture on the cover.
Look through the pictures together so your child can see what the story is about.
Read the story to your child, placing your finger under each word as you read.
Read the story again and encourage your child to join in. Give lots of praise as your child reads with you.
Have fun finding the objects or creatures hidden in the pictures.
Discuss the talk About ideas at the end of each story.
级别 2:第一个故事
这些简单的故事帮助孩子练习阅读常用词和日常语言。
在开始阅读之前,先谈谈标题和封面上的图片。
一起浏览图片,这样您的孩子就能看到故事的内容。
给你的孩子读这个故事,在你读的时候把你的手指放在每个单词下面。
再次阅读故事并鼓励您的孩子参与其中。当您的孩子和您一起阅读时,多多表扬。
找到隐藏在图片中的物体或生物,玩得开心。
在每个故事的结尾讨论关于想法的谈话。

Practising rading skills
Read favourite stories again and again. Children enjoy this and it helps to build their confidence.
Play alliterative games, like ‘Annie got an apple, Ben got a bike’, or rhyming games.
If your child gets stuck on a word, check first if it can be ‘sounded out’. If not, try re-reading the sentence without saying the difficult word. The meaning of the rest of the sentence can often help. If they still can’t work work out the word, just say it quickly for them and move on.
Useful common words repeated in Level 2
got he she was had it no go on Dad said an ran
练习排位技巧
一遍又一遍地阅读最喜欢的故事。 孩子们喜欢这个,这有助于建立他们的信心。
玩头韵游戏,例如“安妮有一个苹果,本有一辆自行车”或押韵游戏。
如果您的孩子被某个单词卡住了,请先检查它是否可以“发音”。 如果没有,请尝试重新阅读句子而不说难的单词。 句子其余部分的含义通常会有所帮助。 如果他们仍然无法解决这个词,只需为他们快速说出来并继续前进。
级别 2 中重复的有用常用词
知道了,她没有继续下去 爸爸说跑了